Austin,+Linda,+Arille,+Xiu+Lin

Arille, Xiu Lin, Austin, Linda IB Science Project 9/22/2010 Water Sample Locations: TAS (Toilet near 1B28, Fountain on track left, purified fountain, 1B39 distilled water)

 What to test?  PE fountain  Tap water from bathroom, fountain, tap, distilled water
 * pH probe
 * Testing for lead by precipitation (Potassium Chloride lead iodide)
 * Ammonium Probe
 * Iron (add high concentration of sodium hydroxide)

 Why test? (Results)
 * On a scale, is school fountain closer to clean distilled water or toilet water? Is it the same as the school tap water?
 * Lead can damage nervous system
 * Ammonium dissolves into ammonia and corrodes the body
 * pH, lead, aluminum, iron can cause objectionable taste in water

 How to test?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">pH probe
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Use Sodium hydroxide for iron

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> List of probes: nitrate, calcium, Ammonium, chloride, pH <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1B39, PE fountain, purified fountain, lab (distilled)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CONTROL: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.01 molar lead nitrate <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> On the colormeter
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">14.6 lead nitrate (red)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**1st one: testing for lead**

Materials: > 4 test tubes > 49g potassium idoine 150ml distilled water > 25 ml purified water > 25ml tap water > 25 ml PE water fountain > 1 beaker

Method:
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">put 49 g potassium iodine in 150ml of distilled water (making 2.0 molar solution)
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">prepare 25 ml of each solution in 4 test tubes
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">added 25ml of molar solution into each test tube

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OBSERVATIONS: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 99.66% T || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 100.28% T || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 99.89% T || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 100.44% T ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Purified || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Slightly turned yellow
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tap || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Slightly turned yellow, less change than purified
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PE || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Similar to purified
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Distilled || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Similar to tap

shows more lead in purified and PE water fountains than Tap and distilled water

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**2nd test: iron test**

Materials: > 4 test tubes > 25ml of NaOH (2.0 molar solution) > 25 ml purified water > 25ml tap water > 25 ml PE water fountain > 1 beaker

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Methods:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">25ml of each solution (test tubes) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 25ml of NaOH(2.0 molar solution) added to each test tube <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OBSERVATIONS:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Purified || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">no visible reaction ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tap || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">no visible reaction ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PE || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">no visible reaction ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Distilled || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">no visible reaction ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**3rd test: pH test** Materials: > 4 test tubes > pH probe > 25 ml purified water > 25ml tap water > 25 ml PE water fountain > 1 beaker Method: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Make sure pH probes are calibrated correctly <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> stick probe into each solution <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OBSERVATIONS:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Purified || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8.58 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tap || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8.71 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PE || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7.51 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Distilled || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6.85 ||

Conclusion: The school water fountain seems to be safe to drink. The purified and PE water fountains showed slightly more lead than in distilled water, the tap water seems closer to the distilled water than the water fountains. the purified and tap water were more basic than the distilled water. Other than that there was no particular difference.